Galicia
Saturday, June 04, 2005
Galicia
For all of those readers who may be confused about when ancestors used Galicia or Austria on immigration, US birth, death, marriage and census documents versus when they used Poland when they were from the same town:Before 1772, all of Galicia was Poland. As a broad sweeping generalization, the territory that Austria incorporated as Galicia and Lodmeria in 1772 remained intact until the peace agreement following WWI in late 1918, except for Bukowina, which twice became an independent Austrian territory. However, Bukowina was still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918. For 15 years after the third partition of Poland in 1795, Austria and then Napoleon tussled over additional Polish territory that subsequently became part of Russia after Napoleon was gone from the scene. Cracow/Krakow was a special case. It was an independent city-state off and on; was semi-officially part of Russia for a time; and then became part of Austria's Galician holdings. But, in the big picture, except for Bukowina, the borders of Galicia remained intact from 1772-1918.Thus, when you see a ship record for a person who came from Galicia or Bukowina from any date up to late 1918, expect to see the country as Austria.But, if your relative came to the US after WWI from the same town, say Zurawno, expect to see Poland. This was because between WWI and WWII, virtually all of what had been Galicia came under Polish rule. Things changed after WWII when Poland lost its territory east of the Bug River to Ukraine.If you are looking at a 1910 US census, expect to see the birthplace of your relative as Austria or Galicia (you may occasionally see Poland because by then some Galician Jews were Polish nationalists and thought of themselves as being from Poland). But, in the 1920 census, the same individual will likely be listed as being born in Poland because by then, the town was, indeed, in Poland. I've seen some 1920 entries styled as Pol-Gal or Pol-Aus as well, but by the 1930 census, the birthplace is invariably given as Poland.This is also true of US naturalization documents and post 1918 passport applications. If the person was naturalized after 1918, the birthplace will probably be reported as Poland, not Galicia or Austria and the country of former allegiance will be Poland.Suzan WynneKensington, MD----------------------------------------------------------------------
posted by Kathy at 8:00 PM
Galicia
For all of those readers who may be confused about when ancestors used Galicia or Austria on immigration, US birth, death, marriage and census documents versus when they used Poland when they were from the same town:Before 1772, all of Galicia was Poland. As a broad sweeping generalization, the territory that Austria incorporated as Galicia and Lodmeria in 1772 remained intact until the peace agreement following WWI in late 1918, except for Bukowina, which twice became an independent Austrian territory. However, Bukowina was still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918. For 15 years after the third partition of Poland in 1795, Austria and then Napoleon tussled over additional Polish territory that subsequently became part of Russia after Napoleon was gone from the scene. Cracow/Krakow was a special case. It was an independent city-state off and on; was semi-officially part of Russia for a time; and then became part of Austria's Galician holdings. But, in the big picture, except for Bukowina, the borders of Galicia remained intact from 1772-1918.Thus, when you see a ship record for a person who came from Galicia or Bukowina from any date up to late 1918, expect to see the country as Austria.But, if your relative came to the US after WWI from the same town, say Zurawno, expect to see Poland. This was because between WWI and WWII, virtually all of what had been Galicia came under Polish rule. Things changed after WWII when Poland lost its territory east of the Bug River to Ukraine.If you are looking at a 1910 US census, expect to see the birthplace of your relative as Austria or Galicia (you may occasionally see Poland because by then some Galician Jews were Polish nationalists and thought of themselves as being from Poland). But, in the 1920 census, the same individual will likely be listed as being born in Poland because by then, the town was, indeed, in Poland. I've seen some 1920 entries styled as Pol-Gal or Pol-Aus as well, but by the 1930 census, the birthplace is invariably given as Poland.This is also true of US naturalization documents and post 1918 passport applications. If the person was naturalized after 1918, the birthplace will probably be reported as Poland, not Galicia or Austria and the country of former allegiance will be Poland.Suzan WynneKensington, MD----------------------------------------------------------------------
posted by Kathy at 8:00 PM
posted by Kathy at 9:21 AM
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